ABSTRACT
Background: The Titanium Elastic Nail is mostly used in children to treat diaphyseal and metaphyseal fractures. The age of the patient, as well as the nature and location of the fracture, determine if the TEN is necessary. In some situations of femoral diaphyseal fractures, it is a successful and realistic therapeutic choice. The TEN allows for elastically stable intramedullary nailing. In terms of patient and parent happiness, as well as shorter confinement to bed and hospital stay, open reduction can produce a significantly better outcome than traction and spica cast or any other treatment. The aim of the study was to observe Titanium Elastic Nailing for treatment of femoral shaft fractures.Material & Methods:This observational study was conducted at the National Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedic Rehabilitation (NITOR), Bangladesh. The study duration was 2 years and 8 months, from April 2019 to December 2021. The study was conducted with a total of 40 cases of femoral shaft fracture in pediatric patients who were admitted to the study hospital.Results:Male prevalence was observed in the present study, with 3.44:1 male: female ratio. Mean±SD age of the participants was 8.8 ± 1.6 years, and sports injuries were the most common cause of fractures. 72.5% of the participants were aged between 5-10 years, and the age range of the participants was 5-13 years. 50% of the participants had fractures at the middle region of the femur, while 45% had fractures at the proximal region. Mean±SD hospital stay duration was 14.5 ± 2.4 days, with 62.58% having hospital stay between 7-14 days. Majority of the participants of the present study faced no complications, while 20% had <1.0 cm of leg length inequality, 2.5% had 1-2 cm leg length inequality, 2.5% faced infection, 5% faced entry site irritation and 1 patient had soft tissue irritation by prominent nail. At 12-monthg follow up, 75% had excellent outcomes while 20% had satisfactory outcomes.Conclusions:The titanium elastic nailing is an effective and viable treatment option in selected cases of femoral shaft fractures in the 5-13 years’ age group. Even if it is done by open reduction it gives much better result than traction & Spica cast or any other methods, in respect to patient & parent’s satisfaction & shorter confinement to bed & hospital stay.
ABSTRACT
A considerable progress in plant breeding for higher yield is attained mainly through selection of morpho-physiological attributes in rice. The field experiments were conducted at three different locations under sub-tropical conditions with four early maturing rice varieties viz., Binadhan-7, Binadhan-17, BRRI dhan33, and BRRI dhan39 during kharif-2 rice season (Aman; July-October) of 2016 to find out the natural variation in the morpho-physiological attributes contributing to higher grain yield in rice. Morphological parameters on plant height, root structure, tillering ontogeny, internode elongation pattern, flag leaf length, flag leaf width, flag leaf angle, number of primary & secondary rachis, branches and also physiological traits on chlorophyll content, photosynthesis rate, total dry mass, growth rate, number of vascular bundles, harvest index with yield and yield contributing characters were studied. Results indicated that plants having rapid growth and development at early growth stages showed higher chlorophyll content, photosynthesis rate, long flag leaf, number of vascular bundles in 1st internode and also exhibited the increase in the number of grains per panicle resulting higher grain yield. Among the test varieties, Binadhan-17 showed superiority in the most morpho-physiological criteria and higher number of vascular bundles manifesting in higher grain yield. This information may help breeders to identity and develop high yielding rice variety.
ABSTRACT
FNAC is widely accepted as the most accurate, sensitive,specific and cost affective diagnostic procedure in theassessment of thyroid nodules and helps to select people preoperative for surgery. The purpose of this study was toevaluate the accuracy of FNAC for diagnosis of malignancy inlong standing multinodular goiter and histopathological corelation. I evaluated the cytological and histological results of105 patients, who were underwent pre-operative FNAC andsubsequent surgery followed by post-operative histopathology.The cytological diagnosis was classified as- benign, suspiciousand malignant. The definitive cytological study showed benignlesion 92, suspicious 2 and malignant 11 among 105 patients.Post-operative histopathology study showed malignant lesion 9and 96 were benign, among the malignant lesion- 4 werefollicular variant of p. carcinoma and 4 were direct papillarycarcinoma. Benign lesions were distributed as 94 multinodulargoiter and 2 follicular adenoma. In FNAC- eleven patients werefound to be malignant but on post-operative histopathologyexamination confirmed 8 of them as malignant and 3 of themwere benign, 2 follicular adenoma and 1 multinodular goiter. 94patients were found to be benign in FNAC but post-operativehistopathology examination confirmed 93 as multinodular goiterand 1 papillary carcinoma. So total number of malignancyfound in post-operative histology is (8+1)= 9. Rest of them 96were benign. So there is discrepancy between 2 cases. So mystudy revealed a cytological and histological discrepancy in 2patient out of 105 patients due to either diagnostic or samplingerror.